Alphamir and Arthromir are safe, non-toxic substances. Safety profiles were performed during a period of six years, between 1988 and 1994, in four laboratories located in the United States, Kenya and Cuba. Three of those facilities were medical academic institutions (University of California at Irvine, KEMRI and the University of Cuba); the fourth was a professional contract research organization in California. Nineteen different safety and toxicity studies were performed, including minimum inhibition concentration assays, minimum bacterial concentration assays, acute systemic toxicity, dermal toxicity, oral toxicity, ocular irritation, primary skin irritation, vaginal and rectal irritation, AMES mutagenisis assays and other topical analyses to validate product effectiveness, safety and tolerance.